Esters of 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoic hydroxyalkanoic acids

ABSTRACT

This disclosure describes esters of 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoic acids with hydroxyalkanoic acids and derivatives, phenols, or 3-pyridinols useful as hypolipidemic and antiatherosclerotic agents.

This is a division of application Ser. No. 861,736, filed Dec. 19, 1977, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,196,208.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates to new organic compounds and, more particularly, is concerned with novel 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoate esters which may be represented by the following structural formula: ##STR1## wherein R₁ is an unbranched or branched alkyl group of the formula C_(n) H_(2n+1) where n is an integer from 8 to 19, inclusive; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen or a group convertible in vivo thereinto such as methyl, carboxyalkyl, acetyl, succinyl, 1-(sodiumsulfo)loweralkyl, 1-(sodiumsulfo)polyhydroxyalkyl, and 1,3-bis(sodiumsulfo)aralkyl or is an amine-protecting group such as trifluoroacetyl, carbobenzyloxy, tert-butyloxycarbonyl or the like; and R₃ is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted aryl, unsubstituted or substituted heteroaryl, tetrahydropyranyl, and a substituted unbranched or branched (lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, loweralkenyl, or hydroxyloweralkyl)group consisting of 1-6 carbon atoms and bearing 1-3 substituents selected from the group consisting of carboxy, carboalkoxy, carboxamido, cyano, N,N-dialkylcarboxamido, and 2-dimethylaminoethoxycarbonyl.

Suitable branched alkyl groups for the substituent R₁ may be, for example, 1-methylpentadecyl, 1-ethyltetradecyl, 1-heptylnonyl, 2-ethyldodecyl, 1,4-diethyloctyl, 11-methyldodecyl, 5,5-dimethylhexyl, 4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl, 2,4,6,8-tetramethylnonyl, 1,4-dimethyl-1-ethylhexyl, 15-methylhexadecyl, 14-methylpentadecyl, 13,13-dimethyltetradecyl, 15,15-dimethylhexadecyl, and the like.

Suitable carboxylakyl and sulfoalkyl groups for the substituent R₂ may be, for example, carboxymethyl, 2-carboxyethyl, 3-carboxypropyl, 1-sulfoethyl, 1-sulfopropyl and the like.

Suitable unsubstituted and substituted phenyl and 3-azaphenyl or 3-pyridyl groups for the substituent R₃ contemplated by the present invention are, for example, phenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 3-bromophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 3-carbomethoxyphenyl, 4-carboxyphenyl, 4-cyanophenyl, 4-carboxamidophenyl, 3-pyridyl, 5-methyl-3-pyridyl, 2,6-dimethyl-3-pyridyl, 6-methoxy-3-pyridyl, 2-hydroxy-3-pyridyl, 6-chloro-3-pyridyl, 4-carboxy-3-pyridyl, 4-cyano-3-pyridyl, and the like. Appropriate substituted loweralkyl, loweralkenyl, and hydroxyloweralkyl groups are those in which the alkyl or alkenyl group consists of 1-6 carbon atoms and is attached to the oxygen atom via a carbon atom which does not bear a hydroxy substituent, for example, carboxymethyl, methoxycarbonylmethyl, 1-methoxycarbonylpropyl, 1-ethoxycarbonylethyl, 2-cyanopropyl, 2-carboxyethyl, 1-dimethylcarbamoylethyl, 2-methoxycarbonyl-2-propyl, 2-carbamoyl-2-methylpropyl, 1,1-dimethylcarbamoylethyl, 2-ethoxycarbonylvinyl, 3-ethoxycarbonyl-1-propenyl, 2-carboxy-2-hydroxyethyl, 1,2-dicarboxyethyl, 1,2-di(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-hydroxyethyl, 1,2,3-tricarboxy-2 -propyl, and the like.

The invention also pertains to novel compositions of matter useful as antiatherosclerotic agents and to methods of ameliorating atherosclerosis by counteracting hyperlipemia and arterial plaque formation in mammals therewith; the active ingredients of said compositions of matter being the novel 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoic acid esters of the present invention. These compounds may be utilized either as the free bases or in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt with an organic or inorganic acid or base. The invention also contemplates a method for lowing serum lipids and for ameliorating atherosclerosis in mammals by the administration of said esters.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Considerable effort has been directed in recent years to obtain substances useful in counteracting the consequences of hyperlipidemia, a condition involving elevated cholesterol, phospholipid and/or triglyceride levels in the blood, and of hyperlipoproteinemia, involving an imbalance of the lipoproteins. The most serious condition associated with hyperlipidemia and hyperlipoproteinemia is atherosclerosis, a form of arteriosclerosis characterized by lipid accumulation and thickening of the walls of both medium-sized and large arteries such as the aorta. Their walls are thereby weakened and the elasticity and effective internal size of the arteries decreased. Atherosclerosis, the most common cause of coronary artery disease, is of great medical importance since it tends to occlude those arteries supplying blood to the heart muscles and brain, thereby producing permanent damage to these organs. Such damage may lead to ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, life-threatening arrhythmias, senility, or stroke. Involvement of leg arteries may lead to gangrene and loss of the limb. It has been known for more than 100 years that cholesterol is a major component of atherosclerotic lesions or plaques. Investigators have been trying to determine the role of cholesterol in lesion initiation and development and also, most importantly, whether lesion formation can be prevented or reversed and enlargement of lesions be slowed or stopped. The earliest lesions are now known to be fatty streaks, largely of cholesterol, which often progress in stages to plaques containing cellular, fibrous and calcified material in addition to the lipids.

The evidence that hyperlipidemia is one of the factors involved in coronary heart disease is very impressive. A most important study carried out in Framingham, Mass. (Gordon and Verter, 1969) in over 5,000 persons for more than 12 years established a correlation between high concentrations of blood cholesterol and increased risk of heart attack. Although the causes of coronary artery disease are multiple, one of the most constant factors has been the elevated concentration of lipids in the blood plasma. A combined elevation of cholesterol and triglycerides has been shown (Carlson and Bottiger, 1972) to carry the highest risk of coronary heart disease. The majority of patients with ischemic heart disease or peripheral vascular disease were found to have hyperlipoproteinemia, involving very low-density and/or low-density lipoproteins (Lewis et al. 1974).

The reason for most treatment of hyperlipidemia or hyperlipoproteinemia is for arresting, reversing or preventing atherosclerosis. In the past, attempts have been made to lower the levels of cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides in the blood by the oral feeding of various substances which have been generally referred to in the art as hypolipidemic agents or hypocholesteremic adjuvants. Typical of such substances are lecithin, pectin, cottonseed oil, and the mucilaginous substances listed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,148,114. In addition, several synthetic hypolipidemic agents are now available, namely, clofibrate, D-thyroxine, cholestyramine and nicotinic acid [Levy and Frederickson, Postgraduate Medicine 47, 130 (1970)]. Clofibrate has the undesirable side-effect of causing hypertrophy of the liver in some patients.

The development of agents capable of reducing elevated blood lipids and of favorably altering blood-lipoprotein patterns is considered by medical authorities to be extremely important for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis. Orally active agents are required since patients usually take them for a number of years.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The compounds of this invention are new and novel esters of the 4-alkylaminobenzoic acids described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,868,416 and have therapeutically useful biological and pharmacological properties. No hypolipemic activity has been reported in the literature for these compounds and they are different in structure and superior in action to other hypolipemic agents. The compounds of this invention lower serum-lipid concentrations and also decrease the deposition of lipids in the aorta. Esters such as these of hydroxy alkanoic acids, phenols, and 3-pyridinols are designed to facilitate the intestinal absorptive process and to provide a reliable and high degree of absorption following the oral administration required of hypolipidemic agents. To the extent that the α-OH carboxylic esters are hydrolyzed in the body they have the added advantage, relative to other esters, of producing hydroxyacids which are innocuous and are in many cases natural products or natural components of mammalian physiological processes. The novel esters of this invention are more reliably absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract than the carboxylic acids and many other esters. Also they cause less gastrointestinal irritation than the corresponding carboxylic acids.

We have now found that certain members of this class of compound can safely and effectively lower both serum sterols and triglycerides in warm-blooded mammals. Such actions on serum-lipid components are considered to be very useful in the treatment of atherosclerosis, especially in contrast to available drugs whose action is much more limited. For some time it has been considered to lower serum-lipid levels and to correct lipoprotein imbalance in mammals as a preventive measure against atherosclerosis. The compounds of the present invention do not act by blocking late stages of cholesterol biosyntheses and thus do not produce accumulation of intermediates such as desmosterol, as equally undesirable as cholesterol itself. Compounds with the combination of therapeutically favorable characteristics possessed by those of the present invention can be safely administered to warm-blooded mammals for the treatment of hyperlipidemic and atherosclerotic states found in patients with or prone to heart attacks, to peripheral or cerebral vascular disease, and to stroke.

The 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoate esters of the present invention are, in general, white crystalline solids having characteristic melting points and absorption spectra. They are soluble in organic solvents such as lower alkanols, chloroform, toluene, dimethylformamide, and the like but are generally not very soluble in water.

The novel 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoate esters of the present invention which are organic bases may be converted to their non-toxic acid-addition salts with a variety of pharmaceutically acceptable organic and inorganic salt-forming reagents. Thus, acid-addition salts may be formed by admixture of the organic free base in a neutral solvent with one or two equivalents of an acid such as sulfuric, phosphoric, hydrochloric, hydrobromic, trifluoroacetic, citric, tartaric, ascorbic, and the like. The esters which contain acidic groups form pharmaceutically acceptable salts with bases such as the alkali metals, the alkaline earths, and the like.

The novel compounds of the present invention may be readily prepared by treating an acid halide, mixed acid anhydride, or activated ester of the formulae: ##STR2## wherein X is chloro or bromo, R₄ is an activated ester or amide moiety or an acyl group and R₁ is as hereinabove defined with a hydroxy compound of the formula: HOR₃ wherein R₃ is as hereinabove defined. These reactions are preferably carried out in an inert solvent at a temperature of 25°-125° C. for a period of time from about 30 minutes to 18 hours or more. In the case of the acid halide and other acid-forming acylating agents, the reaction is carried out in the presence of an acid scavenger such as diisopropylethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, pyridine, triethylamine, finely powdered sodium carbonate, and the like. The acid halide and anhydride starting materials may be obtained from the corresponding 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoic acids by methods which are well-known in the art or described herein. However, a protecting group Y on the arylamino nitrogen is used for best results. The simplest protecting group is provided by double protonation of the amine to give an anilinium salt prior to or during formation of the acylating agent. Acylation of this amino group by carefully selected acyl groups such as carbobenzyloxy, carbo-to-butoxy, and trifluoroacetyl provides protection of this group from self-acylation during amide formation. These protecting groups are then removed by catalytic hydrogenation, mild acid treatment, and mild alkali treatment, respectively. Activated esters or amides, which are used to synthesize the esters of the present invention, are carboxymethyl, 4-nitrophenyl, N-oxysuccinimide, 1-imidazolyl and the like. In certain cases, treatment of acids or ordinary esters such as methyl or ethyl with an excess of an appropriate hydroxy-containing substrate in the presence of a Lewis or mineral acid such as boron trifluoride, sulfuric acid, or hydrochloric acid is sufficient to convert the 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoic esters or acids to the appropriate esters.

With certain kinds of substances for ester formation, it is necessary to form the alkali metal or strong organic base salts of the 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoic acids in order to react them with the various aforementioned halo-, methanesulfonate- or p-toluenesulfonate-containing substrates. With certain β-carbonyl esters, it is necessary to preform the enol alcohol salt with an appropriate base such as sodium or potassium hydroxide, the alkali carbonates, or certain tertiary amines such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, N,N-dimethylbenzylamine or the like, or in some cases, the copper salt of the enol form of the β-carbonyl ester can be employed to react with a suitably protected 4-(alkylamino)-benzoic acid, activated for acylation, to form unsubstituted or substituted β-acrylates.

Certain 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoate esters may be prepared by the reaction of 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoic acids with diazoalkyl compounds such as ethyl diazoacetate and the like, obtained by reaction of nitrous acid or alkyl nitrite on α- or β-aminoalkanoate esters.

The 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoate esters are also prepared by reaction of the appropriate 4-aminobenzoate esters with suitable alkylating agents such as alkyl halides, sulfates, tosylates or trifluoromethanesulfonates with or without solvent at 50° C.-150° C. Suitable solvents are lower alkanols, chloroform, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, diglyme, dimethylsulfoxide, acetonitrile, toluene, benzene, hexamethylphosphoramide and the like. The reaction may be carried out with an equivalent of base such as an alkali carbonate or bicarbonate, or with a catalytic amount of copper powder when alkyl halides are used as the alkylating agent.

Alternative methods of preparation are by reductive alkylation of a 4-aminobenzoate ester or by a metal hydride reduction of a 4-(acylamino)benzoate ester. For example, n-hexadecanal and ethyl O-[(4-aminobenzoyl)]glycolate are reduced under 1-10 atmospheres of hydrogen using an activated metal catalyst, forming ethyl [4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl]glycolate. Diborane reduction of certain 4-(hexadecanoylamino)benzoate esters at room temperature or above for 1-16 hours yields the corresponding 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate esters.

Two types of substitution reactions also yield the 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoate esters, firstly, reaction of esters of 3,4-didehydrobenzoic acid with an alkylamine (or its alkali metal salt). Friedel-Crafts acylation of an N-alkylaniline or N-acyl-N-alkylaniline also yields certain 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoate esters or intermediates thereto. The former type of reaction is carried out by treating a 4-halobenzoate ester such as phenyl 4-bromobenzoate with the lithium, potassium or sodium salt of excess alkylamine such as n-hexadecylamine in diethyl ether or other aprotic solvent. The second method comprises reacting N-hexadecylaniline and the like or its N-acetyl derivative with a carboalkoxy chloride and anhydrous aluminum chloride in dry diethyl ether, halocarbon or hydrocarbon medium.

The 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoate esters are also prepared by de-acylation of the corresponding 4-(N-trifluoroacetyl-alkylamino)benzoate ester by reacting with an alkali carbonate such as sodium or potassium carbonate in a lower alkanol, water or an aqueous lower alkanol at 5° C. to 50° C. Alternatively, the 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoate esters may be prepared by de-acylation of the 4-(N-carbo-t-butoxy-N-alkylamino)benzoate ester with mineral acids such as hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid, preferably in glacial acetic acid or with anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid at 0° C. to 50° C. Also, the 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoate esters are prepared by removal of the carbobenzyloxy protecting group from the anilino nitrogen atom by means of catalytic hydrogenation or treatment with a mineral acid such as hydrobromic acid, preferably in glacial acetic acid.

Certain derivatives ##STR3## of the aminobenzoyl nitrogen atom are useful for providing greater solubility, more uniform and reliable intestinal absorption, and for a certain amount of modification of the pharmacology of the compounds of the present invention. Some of these derivatives can be converted to the corresponding N--H forms by the acidity of the stomach or the alkalinity of the small intestine. Others are converted by metabolic processes. The methyl and carboxymethyl derivatives and the like are prepared by the alkylation, reductive alkylation, and acylamino reduction methods above. Derivatives such as the acetyl and succinyl compounds may be prepared using acetyl chloride, acetic anhydride, succinic anhydride, etc. in the presence of pyridine, triethylamine or the like. The 1-(sodium sulfo)alkyl derivatives are obtained by reaction of the 4-(monoalkylamino)benzoate esters, or suitable intermediates in certain cases, with sodium bisulfite and an aliphatic aldehyde or a polyhydroxyaldehyde such as glyceraldehyde or glucose, and the 1,3-bis-(sodium sulfo)aralkyl derivatives from cinnamaldehyde in a mixed organic-aqueous medium.

The glyceric acid esters of the present invention are prepared by careful oxidation of the 4-(alkylamino)benzoyl glyceraldehyde esters; they can also be prepared directly by esterification of glyceric acid or by reactions using its 3-chloro or 2,3-epoxide analogs. The α-[4-(alkylamino)benzoyloxy]alkanoylamides can be prepared by reacting the appropriately protected and activated 4-(alkylamino)benzoic acid with a cyanohydrin followed by acidic hydrolysis, or by amination of an appropriate ester such as methyl or ethyl with a mono or dialkylamine, preferably in an alcoholic solvent. The amides can also be prepared by reacting the appropriate amide with an activated carboxylate ester.

The α-[4-(alkylamino)benzoyloxy]propionates are prepared by catalytic reduction at 1 to 10 atmospheres of hydrogen of the corresponding acrylate derivatives. They can also be prepared by treatment of β-halo, β-methanesulfonate, or β-p-toluenesulfonate alkanoates with the alkali salt of a 4-(alkylamino)benzoic acid in an inert solvent at 25° to 100° C.

The novel compounds of the present invention are not only potent hypolipidemic agents but also prevent or diminish the formation or enlargement or arterial plaques in mammals when administered in amounts ranging from about one milligram to about 250 mg. per kilogram of body weight per day. A preferred dosage regimen for optimum results would be from about 5 mg. to about 100 mg. per kilogram of body weight per day, and such dosage units are employed that a total of from about 0.35 gram to about 7.0 grams of the active compound for a subject of about 70 kg. of body weight are administered in a 24-hour period. This dosage regimen may be adjusted to provide the optimum therapeutic response . For example, several divided doses may be administered daily or the dose may be proportionally reduced as indicated by the exigencies of the therapeutic situation. A decided practical advantage of this invention is that the active compound may be administered in a convenient manner by the oral route. The compounds of the present invention exert a more powerful hypocholesteremic and antiatherosclerotic effect than the aforementioned adjuvants and synthetic medicaments. It is not known how these novel compounds operate in the blood serum and no theory of why these compounds so operate is advanced. It is not intended that the present invention should be limited to any particular mechanism of action of lowering serum lipids or of meliorating atherosclerosis, or be limited to compounds acting by only one mechanism.

The active compounds of the present invention may be orally administered, for example, with an inert diluent or with an assimilable edible carrier, or they may be enclosed in hard or soft shell gelatin capsules, or they may be compressed into tablets, or they may be incorporated directly with the food of the diet. For oral therapeutic administration, the active compounds may be incorporated with excipients and used in the form of ingestible tables, buccal tablets, troches, capsules, elixirs, suspensions, syrups, wafers, and the like. Such compositions and preparations should contain at least 0.1% of active compound. The percentage of the compositions and preparations may, of course, be varied and may conveniently be between about 2 to about 60% of the weight of the unit. The amount of active ingredient in such therapeutically useful compositions is such that a suitable dosage will be obtained. Preferred compositions or preparations according to the present invention are prepared so that an oral dosage unit form contains between about 50 and 250 milligrams of active compound.

The tablets, troches, pills, capsules and the like may also contain the following: a binder such as gum tragacanth, acacia, corn starch or gelatin; excipients such as dicalcium phosphate; a disintegrating agent such as corn starch, potato starch, alginic acid and the like; a lubricant such as magnesium stearate; and a sweetening agent such as sucrose, lactose or saccharin may be added or a flavoring agent such as peppermint, oil of wintergreen, or cherry flavoring. When the dosage unit form is a capsule, it may contain, in addition to materials of the above type, a liquid carrier. Various other materials may be present as coatings or to otherwise modify the physical form of the dosage unit. For instance, tablets, pills, or capsules may be coated with shellac, sugar or both. A syrup or elixir may contain the active compound, sucrose as a sweetening agent, methyl and propylparabens as preservatives, a dye, and flavoring such as cherry or orange flavor. Of course, any material used in preparing any dosage unit form should be pharmaceutically pure and substantially non-toxic in the amounts employed. In addition, the active ingredients may be incorporated into sustained-release preparations and formulations.

The invention will be described in greater detail in conjunction with the following specific examples.

EXAMPLE 1 Preparation of 1-(methoxycarbonyl)propyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate

To a solution of 10.0 g. (24 m moles) 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl chloride hydrochloride in 200 ml. methylenechloride is dropwise added a solution of 3 g. (25.4 moles) methyl α-hydroxy butyrate and 5 g. (50 m moles) triethylamine in 100 ml. ether. After 17 hours stirring at room temperature, the precipitate is filtered and washed with several portions of ether. The ether solution is washed with water, dried, and condensed to the crystalline title compound.

EXAMPLE 2

Preparation of 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate

To a warm mixture of 7 g. (18.3 m moles) sodium 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate in 100 ml. ethanol is added 4.7 g. (18.3 m moles) ethyl α-tosyloxypropionate. After 17 hours at reflux, the cooled solution is diluted with an equal volume of water and the resultant precipitate is filtered. After washing with cold ethanol and drying, the product is crystallized from acetonitrile to yield the product as colorless crystals.

EXAMPLE 3 Preparation of 2-cyano-2-propyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate

A stirred solution of 20 g. (48.0 m moles) 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl chloride hydrochloride in 500 ml. acetone and 50 ml. pyridine is cooled in an ice-water bath, and to this in portions is added 4.3 g. (51 m moles) acetone cyanohydrin. The solution is warmed to room temperature and stirred for an additional two hours. The solvents are evaporated to a yellow gum, which crystallizes to off-white crystals from ethanol.

EXAMPLE 4 Preparation of 1-carbamoylethyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate

A mixture of 5 g. (12.1 m moles) 1-cyanoethyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate in 100 ml. 75% sulfuric acid is heated at 50° C. for 20 hours. The cooled solution is diluted with water, filtered, and the residue is dried to yield the amide as a white amorphous solid.

EXAMPLE 5 Preparation of 1-carboxyethyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate

A flask containing 10.0 g (27.7 m moles) 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoic acid, 3.3 g. (36 m moles) lactic acid, 500 mg. toluenesulfonic acid and 500 ml. toluene is equipped with a Soxhlet extractor charged with activated 4 A Linde molecular sieves. The solution is refluxed for 24 hours, during which time the Soxhlet extractor is charged twice more with fresh sieves. The hot solution is filtered and left to cool, whereupon the product separates as off-white crystals.

EXAMPLE 6 Preparation of 1-(chlorocarbonyl)ethyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate hydrochloride

The amine hydrochloride is prepared by dissolving 6 g. (13.8 m moles) 1-carboxyethyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate into 100 ml. dimethoxyethane-methylene chloride (4:1) and passing dry hydrochloric acid gas through the cold solution until no additional precipitate is formed. To this is added 5 ml. (5 eq) thionyl chloride and the solution is refluxed until all precipitate has re-dissolved (about 1 hour). The solvents are evaporated to yield an orange, semi-crystalline mass of the acid chloride hydrochloride.

EXAMPLE 7 Preparation of 1-(dimethylcarbamoyl)ethyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate

To a solution of 3 g. (6.32 m moles) 1-(chlorocarbonyl)ethyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate in 25 ml. pyridine is added 0.6 g. (7.5 m moles) dimethylamine hydrochloride. The solution is stirred at 50° C. for 15 hours, then evaporated to dryness. The residue is partitioned between 50 ml. water and 50 ml. methylene chloride. The layers are separated, and the aqueous solution is washed once more with 50 ml. methylene chloride. The combined organic solutions are dried, condensed, and the residue is crystallized from acetonitrile to yield the title compound as colorless crystals.

EXAMPLE 8 Preparation of 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl chloride hydrochloride

A cold solution of 25 g. (69.1 m moles) 4-(hexadecylamamino)benzoic acid in 500 ml. dimethoxyethane-methylene chloride (4:1) is prepared and dry hydrochloric acid is bubbled through the solution until no more precipitate forms. The solution is treated with 25 ml. (5 eq) thionyl chloride and refluxed until all of the precipitate has dissolved. The solvents are evaporated to yield an orange, semi-crystalline mass.

EXAMPLE 9 Preparation of N-trifluoroacetyl-4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl chloride

To a stirred, ice-cold suspension of 9 g. (24.9 m moles) 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoic acid in 100 ml. dimethoxyethane and 16 ml. pyridine is treated with 18 ml. (5.2 eq) trifluoroacetic anhydride. The solution is stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes at room temperature. The solution is diluted with 300 ml. ether and 100 g. ice. After stirring vigorously for 15 minutes, the phases are separated, the ether solution is washed with brine, dried and evaporated to a white, amorphous solid.

To 9.2 g. (20.1 m moles) of the above product in 30 ml. methylene chloride and 0.5 ml. dimethylformamide is added 5.7 ml. (80 m moles)thionyl chloride. After 20 hours at reflux, the solvents are evaporated to yield a light yellow, mobile oil.

EXAMPLE 10 Preparation of O-[4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl]malic acid

To a warm solution of N-carbobenzyloxy-4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl chloride and 1.3 g. (1 eq) triethylamine in 100 ml. ether is treated with 2 g. (14.9 m moles) malic acid. An immediate precipitate forms, but the mixture is refluxed for one hour and filtered while hot. The solid is washed several times with hot ether, then the ether is evaporated to yield a white solid. The product is dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (100 ml.) and hydrogenated over 600 mg. 10% Pd(C) at 50 psi until hydrogen uptake stops. The catalyst is filtered, the solution is evaporated, and the residue is crystallized from acetic acid to yield the title compound as a tan, crystalline mass.

EXMAMPLE 11 Preparation of diethyl O-[4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl]malate

In a manner similar to Example 10, a solution of 6.0 g. (11.7 m moles) N-carbobenzyloxy-4-(hexadecylamino)-benzoyl chloride and 1.2 g. triethylamine in 100 ml. warm ether is treated with 2.3 g. diethylmalate. After one hour at reflux, the precipitate is filtered off and washed with warm ether. After evaporation to dryness, the intermediate is dissolved in 50 ml. 30% hydrobromic/acetic acid and warmed at 50° C. for 2 hours. The solvents are evaporated and the product is partitioned between methylene chloride and water. The layers are separated and the methylene chloride is evaporated. The residue is crystallized from acetone to yield colorless crystals.

EXAMPLE 12 Preparation of diethyl O-[4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl]tartarate

N-trifluoroacetyl-4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl chloride and 1.2 g. triethylamine in 100 ml. warm ether is treated with 2.5 g. (2.1 m moles) diethyl tartarate and refluxed for 24 hours. The hot solution is filtered, the residue is washed with hot ether, and the solution is evaporated. After treatment with aqueous methanolic potassium carbonate, the product is precipitated by acidification, filtered, and dried. Crystallization from acetone yields the diethyl tartarate as a white, crystalline solid.

EXAMPLE 13 Preparation of 1-(carbamoyl)propyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate

Into a solution of 4 g. (8.7 m moles) 1-(methoxycarbonyl)propyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate in 50 ml. ethanol is bubbled ammonia gas until uptake ceases. The reaction is stirred at room temperature for 24 hours, then diluted with 100 ml. water. The precipitate is collected, washed with water, and dried. Crystallization from methyl cellosolve yields white crystals.

EXAMPLE 14 N-carbobenzyloxy-4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl chloride

To 15 g. (41.5 m moles) 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoic acid in 200 ml. warm chloroform is added 15 g. sodium carbonate in 150 ml. water. To the vigorously stirred solution is added 10 g. (59 m moles) carbobenzyloxy chloride. After 2 hours stirring at 40° C., the layers are separated, washed three times with 1 N hydrochloric acid, dried, and evaporated to an oil. The oil is dissolved in 300 ml. toluene, treated with 15 ml. (5 eq) thionyl chloride and the solution is refluxed for 5 hours. The solvents are evaporated and the residue is dissolved three times in toluene, evaporating each time to yield a viscous, orange oil.

EXAMPLE 15 Preparation of 4-(N-t-butyloxycarbonyl-N-hexadecylamino)-benzoyl imidazole

To a solution of 10 g. (27.7 m moles) 4(hexadecylamino)benzoic acid in 100 ml. dioxane is treated with 4.0 g. (27.8 m moles) t-butylazidoformate and 10 ml pyridine. After stirring at room temperature for 18 hours, the protected amido-acid is precipitated from solution by addition of 150 ml. water. The product is collected and thoroughly dried. The crude product is dissolved in 200 ml. of a mixture consisting of methylene chloride/dimethoxyethane/pyridine (1:4:1), and to this is added 5.4 g. (1.2 eq) 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole. The solution is stirred overnight at room temperature and the solvents are evaporated to yield the title compound as a Thick, orange oil.

EXAMPLE 16 Preparation of 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl 4-(hexadecylamino)-benzoate

To a mixture containing 4.3 g. (8.33 m moles) 4-(N-t-butyloxycarbonyl-N-hexadecylamino)benzoyl imidazole, 50 ml. chloroform, and 50 ml. 5 N sodium hydroxide is added 3 g. (2.4 eq) ethyl α-formyl acetate. The solution is vigorously stirred for 24 hours. The layers are separated, and the chloroform solution is washed once with 50 ml. 1 N sodium hydroxide. The solvent is evaporated and the residue is heated for 30 minutes at 40° C. in 50 ml. anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid. The solvent is again evaporated and the oil is crystallized from acetone to yield light yellow crystals of 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate.

EXAMPLE 17 Preparation of 1-cyanoethyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate

A mixture of 1 g. (16.1 m moles) potassium cyanide, 5 ml. diisopropylethylamine and 800 ml. (18.1 m moles) acetaldehyde in 50 ml. tetrahydrofuran is stirred for 2 hours at room temperature. To this solution is added 6.7 g. (16.1 m moles) 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl chloride hydrochloride in 50 ml. tetrahydrofuran. After stirring for an additional 2 hours, the solution is diluted with 100 ml. water and extracted with ether. After drying with magnesium sulfate, the ether is evaporated and the residue is crystallized from acetonitrile to yield the title compound.

EXAMPLE 18 Preparation of 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-propenyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate

In a manner similar to Example 16, a solution of 5.3 g. (10.4 m moles) N-(t-butyloxycarbonyl)-4-(hexadecylamino)benzoylimidazole in 50 ml. dioxane is treated with 3.7 g. (1.15 eq) copper ethyl acetoacetate. After stirring at 40° C. for 24 hours, the solution is filtered and condensed. The residue is dissolved in 50 ml. warm (40° C.) trifluoroacetic acid, stirred for 2 hours, and again condensed. Crystallization from acetone yields the title compound as a colorless solid.

EXAMPLE 19 Preparation of 3-O-[4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl]glyceric acid

To a solution of 3.6 g. (40 m moles) glyceraldehyde and 2.44 g. (20 m moles) 4-dimethylaminopyridine in an ice-water bath is added 11 m moles of N-trifluoroacetyl-4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl chloride. After 4 hours, the product is partitioned between 50 ml. chloroform and 50 ml. water, and to the well-stirred solution is added 2 g. bromine and 1 g. sodium hydroxide. After thin-layer chromatography at intervals shows oxidation to be complete, the mixture is stirred 2 hours at 20° C. and the layers are separated. The organic layer is evaporated and the residue is crystallized from acetic acid to yield the title compound as a cream-colored, oily solid.

This ester is also prepared by employing glyceric acid in the procedures of Examples 16 and 17.

EXAMPLE 20 Preparation of 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate

A solution of 4 g. (8.7 m moles) 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate and 400 mg. 10% Pd(C) in 100 ml. tetrahydrofuran is hydrogenated at 50 psi until hydrogen uptake stops. The catalyst is filtered, the solution is evaporated, and the residue is crystallized from acetonitrile to yield 2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate.

EXAMPLE 21 Preparation of ethyl O-[4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl]glycolate

A solution of 11.5 g. (30 m moles) sodium 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate and 13.0 g. ethyl chloroacetate in 100 ml. hexamethylphosphoramide is heated at 125° C. for six hours, cooled, and diluted with 100 ml. water. The aqueous solution is extracted three times with 250 ml. ether. The combined ether layers are dried, diluted with 100 ml. methylene chloride and passed through a mixture of silica gel and aluminum. The product is crystallized from hexane and then from acetonitrile to yield light yellow crystals.

4-(Hexadecylamino)benzoic acid is slurried in mixed dimethoxyethane-methylenechloride solvent and stirred while adding an ethanolic solution of one molar equivalent of ethyl diazoacetate. The latter is prepared from treatment of ethyl glycinate in ethanol with one mole each of butyl nitrile and acetic acid.

EXAMPLE 22 Preparation of 4-chlorophenyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate

To a solution of 6.4 g. (50 m moles) 4-chlorophenol and 7.6 g. (75 m moles) triethylamine in 500 ml. methylene chloride is added 10.4 g. (25 m moles) 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl chloride hydrochloride in 250 ml. methylene chloride. After four hours at reflux, the solution is cooled, washed with water and dilute phosphoric acid, and dried. After passing the solution through a column of alumina, the solvent is evaporated and the residue is crystallized from diisopropyl ether.

EXAMPLE 23 Preparation of tetrahydropyranyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate

A mixture of 7 g. (19.4 m moles) 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoic acid, 2 g. (23.8 m moles) dihydropyran and 100 mg. anhydrous p-toluenesulfonic acid in 50 ml. toluene is stirred at room temperature for 20 hours. The solution is washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate, dried, and condensed. The residue is crystallized from methylcyclohexane to white crystals.

EXAMPLE 24 Preparation of 3-pyridyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate

A 6 g. (16.6 m moles) sample of 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoic acid and 2.7 g. (16.6 m moles) 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole in 50 ml. dry tetrahydrofuran is stirred for 2 hours. Then, 1.58 g. (16.6 m moles) 3-hydroxypyridine and a trace of sodium hydride catalyst is added and the reaction is refluxed for 3 hours. The solution is cooled, filtered, and evaporated. The product is crystallized from isopropanol.

EXAMPLE 25 Preparation of ethyl 4-(2,4,6,8-tetramethylnonylamino)benzoate

A solution of 9 g. (34.2 m moles) 2,4,6,8-tetramethylnonylbromide, 6 g. (1.06 eq) ethyl 4-aminobenzoate, and 5 g. (1.05 eq) dry, powdered potassium carbonate in 50 ml. hexamethylphosphoramide is stirred at 120° C. for 17 hours. The cooled solution is diluted with 100 ml. water, the precipitate is filtered and washed with 100 ml. 50% aqueous ethanol. The product is dried and crystallized twice from ethanol to colorless crystals.

EXAMPLE 26 Preparation of ethyl 4-(1-ethyltetradecylamino)benzoate

Ten grams (43.8 m moles) 3-hydroxypentadecane and 4.9 g. (1.1 eq) triethylamine in 250 ml. methylene chloride is cooled to -10° C. in a dry ice-acetone bath. To the stirred solution is dropwise added 5.7 g. (1.1 eq) methanesulfonyl chloride in 10 ml. methylene chloride at a rate such that the reaction temperature does not exceed -5° C. After addition is complete, the solution is warmed to room temperature and washed in sequence with 100 ml. of the following ice-cold solutions: water, 10% hydrochloric acid, saturated sodium bicarbonate, and brine. The methylene chloride is dried and evaporated to a viscous, orange oil. Pentadecane-3-methanesulfonate (13.4 g. 43.7 m moles) and 14.4 g. (2 eq) ethyl 4-aminobenzoate in 75 ml. hexamethylphosphoramide is stirred at 120° C. for 18 hours. The cooled solution is diluted with 150 ml. water, the precipitate is filtered, washed with 150 ml. 50% aqueous ethanol and dried. Crystallization from ethanol and then from acetonitrile yields the product as a white solid.

EXAMPLE 27 Preparation of sodium 4-(14-methylpentadecylamino)benzoate

To a solution of 10 g. (27.7 m moles) 4-(14-methylpentadecylamino)benzoic acid in 300 ml. hot ethanol is added 6.0 ml. (1.1 eq) 5 N sodium hydroxide. As the solution cools, the title compound crystallizes as a white mass. This is collected and dried in vacuo.

EXAMPLE 28 Preparation of 4-(14-methylpentadecyl)aminobenzoic acid

A 4 g. (10.3 m mole) sample of ethyl 4-(14-methylpentadecyl)aminobenzoate is hydrolyzed with 2.0 g. (3 eq) 85% potassium hydroxide in 60 ml. 95% ethanol by refluxing the solution for 5 hours. The solution is cooled, diluted with 100 ml. water and acidified to pH 4.5 with 37% hydrochloric acid. The precipitate is collected and dried in vacuo to yield the title compound as a white powder.

EXAMPLE 29 Preparation of 15-methylhexadecylbromide

A solution of 3-methylbutylmagnesium bromide is prepared by treating 15 g. (0.1 mole) 3-methylbutyl bromide with 2.7 g. (1.1 eq) magnesium turnings in 50 ml. dry tetrahydrofuran. The resultant Grignard reagent is dropwise added to a cold (-10° C.) solution of 36.1 g. (1.1 eq) 1,12-dibromododecane and 0.2 g. (1 m mole) dilithiumtetrachloro cuprate in 75 ml. dry tetrahydrofuran. The solution is stirred for one hour, evaporated, and fractionally distilled in vacuo to yield 15-methylhexadecylbromide as a colorless liquid.

                  TABLE I                                                          ______________________________________                                         The following branched alkyl bromides are prepared following                   the method outlined in Example 29 and using the noted                          starting bromides.                                                             EXAM-                                                                          PLE                                                                            NUM-                     BRANCHED ALKYL                                        BER    STARTING BROMIDES BROMIDE PRODUCT                                       ______________________________________                                         30     3-methylbutyl bromide and                                                                        14-methylpentadecyl                                          1,11-dibromoundecane                                                                             bromide                                               31     t-butyl bromide and 1,12-                                                                        13,13-dimethyltetradecyl                                     dibromododecane   bromide                                               32     4,4-dimethylpentyl bromide                                                                       15,15-dimethylhexadecyl                                      and 1,11-dibromoundecane                                                                         bromide                                               ______________________________________                                    

                                      TABLE II                                     __________________________________________________________________________     The following ethyl 4-(branched and unbranched alkylamino) benzoates are       prepared from                                                                  the following alkyl starting materials as described in Examples 25 or 26       to yield:                                                                                                METHOD                                               EXAMPLE STARTING ALKYL COMPOUND                                                                          OF EXAMPLE                                                                               ETHYL 4-(ALKYLAMINO)BENZOATE               __________________________________________________________________________                                         PRODUCT                                    33      1-methylpentadecanol                                                                             26        Ethyl 4-(1-methylpentadecylamino)-                                             benzoate                                   34      1-heptylnonylbromide                                                                             25        Ethyl 4-(1-heptylnonylamino)-                                                  benzoate                                   35      2-ethyldodecanol  26        Ethyl 4-(2-ethyldodecylamino)-                                                 benzoate                                   36      1,4-diethyloctyl bromide                                                                         25        Ethyl 4-(1,4-diethyloctylamino)-                                               benzoate                                   37      11-methyldodecyl bromide                                                                         25        Ethyl 4-(11-methyldodecylamino)-                                               benzoate                                   38      5,5-dimethylhexyl bromide                                                                        25        Ethyl 4-(5,5-dimethylhexylamino)-                                              benzoate                                   39      4,8,12-trimethyltridecanol                                                                       26        Ethyl 4-(4,8,12-trimethyltride-                                                cylamino)benzoate                          40      1,4-dimethyl-1-ethyl hexanol                                                                     26        Ethyl 4-(1,4-dimethyl-1-ethylhexyl-                                            amino)benzoate                             41      15-methylhexadecyl bromide                                                                       25        Ethyl 4-(15-methylhexadecylamino)-                                             benzoate                                   42      14-methylpentadecyl bromide                                                                      25        Ethyl 4-(14-methylpentadecylamino)-                                            benzoate                                   43      13,13-dimethyltetradecyl                                                                         25        Ethyl 4-(13,13-dimethyltetradecyl-                 bromide                     amino)benzoate                             44      15,15-dimethylhexadecyl                                                                          25        Ethyl 4-(15,15-dimethylhexadecyl-                  bromide                     amino)benzoate                             __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE III                                                        ______________________________________                                         The following 4-(branched and unbranched alkylamino)benzoic                    acids are prepared employing the method outlined in Example 28:                EXAMPLE                                                                        NUMBER    4-(ALKYLAMINO)BENZOIC ACIDS                                          ______________________________________                                         45        4-(1-methylpentadecylamino)benzoic acid                              46        4-(1-heptylnonylamino)benzoic acid                                   47        4-(2-ethyldodecylamino)benzoic acid                                  48        4-(1,4-diethyloctylamino)benzoic acid                                49        4-(11-methyldodecylamino)benzoic acid                                50        4-(5,5-dimethylhexylamino)benzoic acid                               51        4-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecylamino)benzoic acid                        52        4-(2,4,6,8-tetramethylnonylamino)benzoic acid                        53        4-(14-methylpentadecylamino)benzoic acid                             54        4-(14-methylpentadecylamino)benzoic acid                             55        4-(15,15-dimethylhexadecylamino)benzoic acid                         ______________________________________                                    

                                      TABLE IV                                     __________________________________________________________________________     The following carboxymethyl-4-(alkylamino)benzoates are prepared               according to the methods noted.                                                The acyl chlorides necessary for the method of Example 1 are prepared          according to Example 8.                                                        The acyl chlorides necessary for the methods of Examples 10 and 11 are         prepared according to the                                                      procedure of Example 14. The acyl chlorides necessary for the method of        Example 12 are prepared                                                        according to Example 9, and the sodium salts required for the methods of       Examples 2 and 21 are                                                          prepared by the procedure of Example 27.                                                 METHOD ACCORDING                                                                              REAGENT USED TO FORM                                                                            DERIVATIVE OF CARBOXYMETHYL          EXAMPLE   TO EXAMPLE NO. ESTER MOIETY     4-(ALKYLAMINO)BENZOATE               __________________________________________________________________________     60         1             Methyl α-hydroxybutyrate                                                                  Methyl α-[4-(tridecylamino                                               )benzo-                                                                        yloxy]butyrate                       61        1              Methyl α-hydroxybutyrate                                                                  Methyl α-[4-(nonylamino)be                                               nzoyl-                                                                         oxy]butyrate                         62        1              Ethyl α-hydroxybutyrate                                                                   Ethyl α-[4-(1-methyldodecy                                               lamino)-                                                                       benzoyloxy]butyrate                  63        1              Ethyl α-hydroxybutyrate                                                                   Methyl α-[4-(4,8,12-trimet                                               hyltri-                                                                        decylamino)benzoyloxy]butyrate       64        21             Methyl chloroacetate                                                                            O-[4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl]-                                                 glycolic acid (after mild                                                      alkaline                                                                       hydrolysis)                          65        21             Ethyl chloroacetate                                                                             Ethyl O-[ 4-(tridecylamino)benzo                                               yl]-                                                                           glycolate                            66        21             Methyl chloroacetate                                                                            Methyl O-[4-(heptadecylamino)ben                                               -                                                                              zoyl]glycolate                       67        21             Methyl chloroacetate                                                                            Ethyl O-[4-(1-heptylnonylamino)b                                               en-                                                                            zoyl]glycolate                       68        21             Ethyl chloroacetate                                                                             Ethyl O-[4-(1,4-dimethyl-l-ethyl                                               -                                                                              hexylamino)benzoyl]glycolate         69        21             Ethyl chloroacetate                                                                             Ethyl O-[4-(15,15-dimethylhexade                                               cyl-                                                                           amino)benzoyl]glycolate              70        2              Methyl α-tosyloxypro-                                                                     Methyl α-[4-(decylamino)be                                               nzoyloxy]-                                                    pionate          propionate                           71        5              α-Hydroxypropionic acid                                                                   α-[4-(pentadecylamino)benz                                               oyloxy]-                                                                       propionic acid                       72        5              α-Hydroxypropionic acid                                                                   α-[4-(nonadecylamino)benzo                                               yloxy]-                                                                        propionic acid                       73        5              α-Hydroxyisobutyric acid                                                                  α-[4-(1-heptylnonylamino)b                                               enzoyl-                                                                        oxy]isobutyric acid                  74        5              α-Hydroxypropionic acid                                                                   α-[4-(1,4-diethyloctylamin                                               o)benzoyl-                                                                     oxy]propionic acid                   75        5              α-Hydroxypropionic acid                                                                   α-[4-(15-methylhexadecylam                                               ino)ben-                                                                       zoyloxy]propionic acid               76        5              α-Hydroxypropionic acid                                                                   α-[4-(13,13-dimethyltetrad                                               ecyl-                                                                          amino)benzoyloxy]propionic                                                     acid                                 77        5              α-Hydroxyisobutyric acid                                                                  α-[4-(1-methylpentadecylam                                               ino)ben-                                                                       zoyloxy]isobutyric acid              78        2              Methyl α-tosyloxypropionate                                                               Methyl α-[4-(1-heptylnonyl                                               amino)-                                                                        benzoyloxy]propionate                79        2              Ethyl α-tosyloxypropionate                                                                Ethyl α-[4-(13,13-dimethyl                                               tetra-                                                                         decylamino)benzoyloxy]propionate     80        10             Malic acid       O-[4-(heptadecylamino)benzoyl]                                                 malic acid                           81        11             Diethyl malate   Diethyl O-[4-(heptadecylamino)be                                               n-                                                                             zoyl]malate                          82        10             Malic acid       O-[4-(decylamino)benzoyl]malic                                                 acid                                 83        12             Diethyl malate   Diethyl O-[4-(decylamino)benzoyl                                               ]                                                                              malate                               84        12             Diethyl tartarate                                                                               Diethyl O-[4-(5,5-dimethylhexyl-                                               N                                                                              amino)benzoyl]tartarate              85        12             Diethyl tartarate                                                                               Diethyl O-[4-(2-ethyldodecylamin                                               o)-                                                                            benzoyl]tartarate                    86        11             Diethyl malate   Diethyl O-[4-(1-methylpentadecyl                                               -                                                                              amino)benzoyl]malate                 87        12             Citric acid      O-[4-(15-methylhexadecylamino)be                                               n-                                                                             zoyl]citric acid                     88        12             Citric acid      O-[4-(dodecylamino)benzoyl]citri                                               c                                                                              acid                                 89        12             Citric acid      O-[4-(2,4,6,8-tetramethylnonyl-                                                amino)benzoyl]citric acid            90        12             Citric acid      O-[4-(1-ethyltetradecylamino)ben                                               -                                                                              zoyl] citric acid                    91        5              α-Hydroxyisobutyric acid                                                                  α-[4-(1-methylpentadecylam                                               ino)ben-                                                                       zoyloxy]isobutyric acid              92        5              α-Hydroxyisobutyric acid                                                                  α-[4-(hexadecylamino)benzo                                               yloxy]-                                                                        isobutyric acid                      __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE V                                      __________________________________________________________________________     The following alkoxycarbonylalkyl and carbamoylalkyl 4-(alkylamino)benzoat     es                                                                             are prepared by reacting the appropriate acyl chloride (chlorocarbonylalky     4-alkylaminobenzoate prepared by method of Example 6) with the noted           alcohol                                                                        or amine in the manner described in Example 7.                                        STARTING ALCOHOL                                                                            ALKOXYCARBONYLALKYL OR                                     EXAMPLE                                                                               OR AMINE     CARBAMOYLALKYL ESTER PRODUCT                               __________________________________________________________________________      95    1-Propanol   1-(propoxycarbonyl)ethyl 4-(pentadecylamino)-                                  benzoate                                                    96    Dimethylamine hydro-                                                                        1-(dimethylcarbamoyl)ethyl 4-(pentadecylamino)-                   chloride     benzoate                                                    97    1-Propanol   1-(propoxycarbonyl)ethyl 4-(nonadecylamino)benzoate         98    Diethylamine hydro-                                                                         1-(diethylcarbamoyl)ethyl 4-(nonadecylamino)-                     chloride     benzoate                                                    99    Dimethylaminoethanol                                                                        2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxycarbonyl)-2-propyl 4-(1-                               heptylnonylamino)benzoate                                  100    1-Propanol   2-(propoxycarbonyl)-2-propyl 4-(1-heptylnonyl-                                 amino)benzoate                                             101    Dimethylamine hydro-                                                                        2-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-2-propyl 4-(1-hepthylnonyl-                 chloride     amino)benzoate                                             102    Ethanol      1-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl (1,4-diethyloctylamino)-                               benzoate                                                   103    Diethylamine 1-(diethylcarbamoyl)ethyl 4-(15-methylhexadecyl-                  hydrochloride                                                                               amino)benzoate                                             104    Methanol     1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl 4-(15-methylhexadecyl-                                amino)benzoate                                             105    Ammonia      1-(carbamoyl)ethyl 4-(13,13-dimethyltetradecyl-                                amino)benzoate                                             106    Ethanol      1-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl 4-(13,13-dimethyltetra-                                decylamino)benzoate                                        107    Diethylamine 1-(diethylcarbamoyl)ethyl 4-(13,13-dimethyltetra-                 hydrochloride                                                                               decylamino)benzoate                                        108    1-Propanol   2-(propoxycarbonyl)-2-propyl 4-(1-methylpentadecyl-                            amino)benzoate                                             109    2-Propanol   2-(isopropoxycarbonyl)-2-propyl 4-(1-methylpenta-                              decylamino)benzoate                                        110    Dimethylamine                                                                               2-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-2-propyl 4-(1-methylpenta-                  hydrochloride                                                                               decylamino)benzoate                                        111    2-Propanol   2-(isopropoxycarbonyl)-2-propyl 4-(hexadecylamino)-                            benzoate                                                   112    Dimethylaminoethanol                                                                        2-(2-dimethylaminoethoxycarbonyl)-2-propyl 4-(hexa-                            decylamino)benzoate                                        113    Diethylamine hydro-                                                                         2-(diethylcarbamoyl)-2-propyl 4-(hexadecylamino)-                 chloride     benzoate                                                   __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE VI                                     __________________________________________________________________________     The following α-cyanoalkyl 4-(alkylamino)benzoates are prepared          from the appropriate acyl                                                      chloride (prepared by the procedure described in Example 8) by treatment       with the noted                                                                 reagents:                                                                              STARTING ALDEHYDE                                                                            METHOD                                                   EXAMPLE OR CYANOHYDRIN                                                                               OF EXAMPLE                                                                              α-CYANOALKYL 4-(ALKYLAMINO)BENZOATE                                      PRODUCT                                         __________________________________________________________________________     117     Formaldehyde  17       Cyanomethyl 4-(decylamino)benzoate              118     Acetone cyanohydrin                                                                           3       2-cyano-2-propyl 4-(decylamino)benzoate         119     Acetaldehyde  17       1-cyanoethyl 4-(tetradecylamino)benzoate        120     Propionaldehyde                                                                              17       1-cyanopropyl 4-(pentadecylamino)benzoate       121     Acetone cyanohydrin                                                                           3       2-cyano-2-propyl 4-(heptadecylamino)benzoat                                    e                                               122     Formaldehyde  17       Cyanomethyl 4-(1-methylpentadecylamino)benz                                    oate                                            123     α-Methyl propional-                                                                    17       l-cyano-2-methylpropyl 4-(1-methylpentadecy                                    l-                                                      dehyde                 amino)benzoate                                  124     Acetaldehyde  17       1-cyanoethyl 4-(1,4-diethyloctylamino)benzo                                    ate                                             125     Acetaldehyde  17       1-cyanoethyl 4-(5,5-dimethylhexylamino)benz                                    oate                                            126     Formaldehyde  17       Cyanomethyl 4-(5,5-dimethylhexylamino)benzo                                    ate                                             127     Acetone cyanohydrin                                                                           3       2-cyano-2-propyl 4-(1,4-dimethyl-1-ethylhex                                    yl-                                                                            amino)benzoate                                  128     Formaldehyde  17       Cyanomethyl 4-(13,13-dimethyltetradecylamin                                    o)-                                                                            benzoate                                        129     Acetaldehyde  17       1-cyanoethyl 4-(13,13-dimethyltetradecylami                                    no)-                                                                           benzoate                                        130     Acetone cyanohydrin                                                                           3       2-cyano-2-propyl 4-(13,13-dimethyltetradecy                                    l-                                                                             amino)benzoate                                  131     Formaldehyde  17       Cyanomethyl 4-(14-methylpentadecylamino)-                                      benzoate                                        132     Acetaldehyde  17       1-cyanoethyl 4-(14-methylpentadecylamino)-                                     benzoate                                        __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE VII                                    __________________________________________________________________________     The following α-carbamoylalkyl 4-(alkylamino)benzoates are prepared      by hydrolysis of                                                               the corresponding α-cyanoalkyl 4-(alkylamino)benzoates according to      Example 4.                                                                            HYDROLYSIS OF CYANO                                                                            α-CARBAMOYLALKYL                                  EXAMPLE                                                                               COMPOUND OF EXAMPLE                                                                            4-(ALKYLAMINO)BENZOATE PRODUCT                          __________________________________________________________________________     133    117             Carbamoylmethyl 4-(decylamino)benzoate                  134    118             2-(carbamoyl)-2-propyl 4-(decylamino)benzoate           135    119             1-(carbamoyl)ethyl 4-(tetradecylamino)benzoate          136    120             1-(carbamoyl)propyl 4-(pentadecylamino)benzoate         137    121             2-(carbamoyl)-2-propyl -(heptadecylamino)benzoate       138    122             Carbamoylmethyl 4-(1-methylpentadecylamino)benzoate                            N                                                       139    123             1-(carbamoyl)-2-methylpropyl 4-(1-methylpentadecyl-                            O                                                                              amino)benzoate                                          140    124             1-(carbamoyl)ethyl 4-(1,4-diethyloctylamino)-                                  benzoate                                                141    125             1-(carbamoyl)ethyl 4(5,5-dimethylhexylamino)-                                  benzoate                                                142    126             Carbamoylmethyl 4-(5,5-dimethylhexylamino)benzoate      143    127             2-(carbamoyl)-2-propyl 4-(1,4-dimethyl-1-ethyl-                                hexylamino)benzoate                                     144    128             Carbamoylmethyl 4-(13,13-dimethyltetradecylamino)-                             benzoate                                                145    129             1-(carbamoyl)ethyl 4-(13,13-dimethyltetradecyl-                                amino)benzoate                                          146    130             2-(carbamoyl)-2-propyl 4-(13,13-dimethyltetradecyl-                            amino(benzoate                                          147    131             Carbamoylmethyl 4-(14-methylpentadecylamino)-                                  benzoate                                                148    132             1-(carbamoyl)ethyl 4-(14-methylpentadecylamino)-                               benzoate                                                __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE VIII                                   __________________________________________________________________________     The following esters of β-hydroxy acrylates are prepared by first         activating the corresponding                                                   acid as described in Example 15, then treating the resulting acylating         agents with the                                                                appropriate enol salts as described in Example 16 or 18.                       -      ALKYL GROUP IN  METHOD                ALKOXYCARBONYLALKENYL                    4-(ALKYLAMINO)BENZOIC                                                                          OF     ENOL-FORMING β-KETO                                                                      4-(ALKYLAMINO)-                   EXAMPLE                                                                               ACID USED       EXAMPLE                                                                               COMPOUND USED  BENZOATE PRODUCT                  __________________________________________________________________________     149    Hexadecyl       16     Ethyl α-formyl-                                                                         2-(ethoxycarbonyl)propenyl                                                     4-(hexa-                                                        propionate     decylamino)benzoate               150    Decyl           16     Ethyl α-formyl-                                                                         2-(ethoxycarbonyl)propenyl                                                     4-(decyl-                                                       propionate     amino)benzoate                    151    Tridecyl        16     Ethyl α-formyl-                                                                         2-(ethoxycarbonyl)propenyl                                                     4-(tridec-                                                      propionate     ylamino)benzoate                  152    Nonadecyl       16     Ethyl α-formyl-                                                                         2-(ethoxycarbonyl)propenyl                                                     4-(nona-                                                        propionate     decylamino)benzoate               153    1-ethyltetradecyl                                                                              16     Ethyl α-formyl-                                                                         2-(ethoxycarbonyl)propenyl                                                     4-(1-                                                           propionate                                       ethyltetradecyl)benzoate                                                       154    13,13-dimethyltetra-                                                                           16     Ethyl α-formyl-                                                                         2-(ethoxycarbonyl)propenyl                                                     4-(13,13-                                decyl                  propionate     dimethyltetradecyl)benzoate       155    Nonyl           16     Ethyl α-formyl-                                                                         2-(ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl                                                        4-(nonyl-                                                       acetate        amino)benzoate                    156    Tetradecyl      16     Ethyl α-formyl-                                                                         2-(ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl                                                        4-(tetradec-                                                    acetate        ylamino)benzoate                  157    Octadecyl       16     Ethyl α-formyl-                                                                         2-(ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl                                                        4-(octadecyl-                                                   acetate        amino)benzoate                    158    11-methyldodecyl                                                                               16     Ethyl α-formyl-                                                                         2-(ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl                                                        4-(11-methyl-                                                   acetate        dodecylamino)benzoate             159    5,5-dimethylhexyl                                                                              16     Ethyl α-formyl-                                                                         2-(ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl                                                        4-(5,5-                                                         acetate        dimethylhexylamino)benzoate       160    2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-                                                                           16     Ethyl α-formyl-                                                                         2-(ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl                                                        4-(2,4,6,8-                              nonyl                  acetate        tetramethylnonylamino)benzoat                                                  e                                 161    Decyl           18     Copper ethyl   1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-propenyl                                                   4-(dec-                                                        acetoacetate   ylamino)benzoate                  162    Pentadecyl      18     Copper ethyl   1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-propenyl                                                   4-(pen-                                                        acetoacetate   tadecylamino)benzoate             163    Heptadecyl      18     Copper ethyl   1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-propenyl                                                   4-(hep-                                                        acetoacetate   tadecylamino)benzoate             164    15,15-dimethylhexa-                                                                            18     Copper ethyl   1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-propenyl                                                   4-                                      decyl                  acetoacetate   (15,15-dimethylhexadecylamino                                                  )-                                                                             benzoate                          165    14-methylpentadecyl                                                                            18     Copper ethyl   1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-propenyl                                                   4-(14-                                                         acetoacetate   methylpentadecylamino)benzoat                                                  e                                 166    1,4-diethyloctyl                                                                               18     Copper ethyl   1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-propenyl                                                   4-(1,4-                                                        acetoacetate   diethyloctylamino)benzoate        167    1-ethyltetradecyl                                                                              18     Copper ethyl   1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-propenyl                                                   4-(1-                                                          acetoacetate   ethyltetradecylamino)benzoate     __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE IX                                     __________________________________________________________________________     The following ethoxycarbonylalkyl 4-(alkylamino)benzoates are prepared         by                                                                             hydrogenation of the corresponding acrylates from Table VIII by                application                                                                    of the method described in Example 20.                                         EXAMPLE                                                                               PRODUCT                                                                 __________________________________________________________________________     168    2-(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate                     169    2-(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl 4-(decylamino)benzoate                         170    2-(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl 4-(tridecylamino)benzoate                      171    2-(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl 4-(nonadecylamino)benzoate                     172    2-(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl 4-(1-ethyltetradecylamino)benzoate             173    2-(ethoxycarbonyl)propyl 4-(13,13-dimethyltetradecylamino)benzoate             O                                                                       174    2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl 4-(nonylamino)benzoate                          175    2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl 4-(tetradecylamino)benzoate                     176    2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl 4-(octadecylamino)benzoate                      177    2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl 4-(11-methyldodecylamino)benzoate               178    2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl 4-(5,5,-dimethylhexylamino)benzoate             179    2-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl 4-(2,4,6,8-tetramethylnonylamino)benzoate       180    1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-propyl 4-(decylamino)benzoate                      181    1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-propyl 4-(pentadecylamino)benzoate                 182    1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-propyl 4-(heptadecylamino)benzoate                 183    1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-propyl 4-(15,15-dimethylhexadecylamino)benzoat            e                                                                       184    1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-propyl 4-(14-methylpentadecylamino)benzoate        185    1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-propyl 4-(1,4-diethyloctylamino)benzoate           186    1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-propyl 4-(1-ethyltetradecylamino)benzoate          __________________________________________________________________________

                  TABLE X                                                          ______________________________________                                         The following 4-(alkylamino)benzoyl derivatives of                             glyceric acid are prepared by the method of Example                            19. The acyl chlorides necessary for the procedure                             are prepared by the method of Example 8.                                                4-(ALKYLAMINO)BENZOYL DERIVATIVE                                      EXAMPLE  OF GLYCERIC ACID PREPARED                                             ______________________________________                                         187      3-O-[4-(octylamino)benzoyl]glyceric acid                              188      3-O-[4-(undecylamino)benzoyl]glyceric acid                            189      3-O-[4-(pentadecylamino)benzoyl]glyceric acid                         190      3-O-[4-(nonadecylamino)benzoyl]glyceric acid                          191      3-O-[4-(1-methylpentadecylamino)benzoyl]-                                      glyceric acid                                                         192      3-O-[4-(2-ethyldodecylamino)benzoyl]glyceric acid                     193      3-O-[4-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecylamino)benzoyl]-                                glyceric acid                                                         194      3-O-[4-(15-methylhexadecylamino)benzoyl]glyceric acid                 195      3-O-[4-(13,13-dimethyltetradecylamino)benzoyl]-                                glyceric acid                                                         196      3-O-[4-(5,5-dimethylhexylamino)benzoyl]glyceric                       ______________________________________                                                  acid                                                             

                                      TABLE XI                                     __________________________________________________________________________     The following 3-pyridyl and phenyl esters of 4-(alkylamino)benzoic acids       are prepared as described                                                      in Examples 22 or 24. The acyl chlorides for the method of Example 22 are      prepared according to                                                          the method of Example 8.                                                              STARTING 3-PYRIDINOL                                                                          METHOD                                                   EXAMPLE                                                                               OR PHENOL      OF EXAMPLE                                                                              ESTER PRODUCT                                   __________________________________________________________________________     197    3-hydroxy-5-chloropyridine                                                                    22       5-chloro-3-pyridyl 4-(nonylamino)benzoate       198    3-hydroxy-5-methylpyridine                                                                    24       4-methyl-3-pyridyl 4-(nonylamino)benzoate       199    3-hydroxy-5-carboxy-                                                                          22       5-carboxy-3-pyridyl 4-(nonylamino)benzoate             pyridine                                                                200    3,6-dihydroxypyridine                                                                         22       6-hydroxy-3-pyridyl 4-(undecylamino)benzoat                                    e                                               201    Phenol         24       phenyl 4-(undecylamino)benzoate                 202    3-bromophenol  24       3-bromophenyl 4-(undecylamino)benzoate          203    4-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-                                                                         24       4-(t-butoxycarbonyl)phenyl                                                     4-(nonylamino)-                                        phenol                  benzoate                                        204    2-chloro-3-hydroxypyridine                                                                    22       2-chloro-3-pyridyl 4-(tridecylamino)benzoat                                    e                                               205    3-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine                                                                    24       6-methyl-3-pyridyl 4-(tridecylamino)benzoat                                    e                                               206    2,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-                                                                       24       2,6-dimethyl-3-pyridyl 4-(pentadecylamino)-                                    O                                                      pyridine                benzoate                                        207    2-methoxy-3-hydroxy-                                                                          24       2-methoxy-3-pyridyl 4-(pentadecylamino)benz                                    oate                                                   pyridine                                                                208    2,3-dihydroxypyridine                                                                         24       2-hydroxy-3-pyridyl 4-(pentadecylamino)benz                                    oate                                            209    4-hydroxybenzoic acid                                                                         22       4-carboxyphenyl 4-(tridecylamino)benzoate       210    4-cyanophenol  22       4-cyanophenyl 4-(pentadecylamino)benzoate       211    3-hydroxy-5-chloropyridine                                                                    24       5-chloro-3-pyridyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoa                                    te                                              212    2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine                                                                    24       2-methyl-3-pyridyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoa                                    te                                              213    2-methoxy-3-hydroxy-                                                                          22       2-methoxy-1-pyridyl 4-(heptadecylamino)benz                                    oate                                                   pyridine                                                                214    3-hydroxy-4-carboxy-                                                                          22       4-carboxy-1-pyridyl 4-(heptadecylamino)benz                                    oate                                                   pyridine                                                                215    2,6-dichlorophenol                                                                            24       2,6-dichlorophenyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoa                                    te                                              216    4-methoxycarbonylphenol                                                                       24       4-methoxycarbonylphenyl 4-(hexadecylamino)-                                    N                                                                              benzoate                                        217    3-methylphenol 22       3-methylphenyl 4-(heptadecylamino)benzoate                                     O                                               218    3-hydroxy-4-methylpyridine                                                                    24       4-methyl-3-pyridyl 4-(1-heptylnonylamino)-                                     benzoate                                        219    3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-                                                                          24       2-methoxy-3-pyridyl 4-(1-heptylnonylamino)-            pyridine                benzoate                                        220    2,4-difluorophenol                                                                            24       2,4-difluorophenyl 4-(1-heptylnonylamino)-                                     benzoate                                        221    4-carboxamidophenol                                                                           22       4-carboxamidophenyl 4-(1-heptylnonylamino)-                                    benzoate                                        222    4-ethylphenol  22       4-ethylphenyl 4-(1-heptylnonylamino)benzoat                                    e                                               223    2-chloro-3-hydroxypyridine                                                                    24       2-chloro-3-pyridyl 4-(1,4-diethyloctylamino                                    )-                                                                             benzoate                                        224    2-methoxy-3-hydroxy-                                                                          24       2-methoxy-3-pyridyl 4-(1,4-diethyloctylamin                                    o)-                                                    pyridine                benzoate                                        225    2,4-dichlorophenol                                                                            24       2,4-dichlorophenyl 4-(1,4-diethyloctylamino                                    )-                                                                             benzoate                                        226    4-methylphenol 22       4-methylphenyl 4-(1,4-diethyloctylamino)-                                      benzoate                                        227    3-hydroxy-5-chloropyridine                                                                    22       5-chloro-3-pyridyl 4-(5,5-dimethylhexylamin                                    o)-                                                                            benzoate                                        228    3-hydroxy-6-methylpyridine                                                                    24       6-methyl-3-pyridyl 4-(5,5-dimethylhexylamin                                    o)-                                                                            benzoate                                        229    Phenol         24       Phenyl 4-(5,5-dimethylhexylamino)benzoate       230    2,6-dichlorophenol                                                                            22       2,6-dichlorophenyl 4-(5,5-dimethylhexylamin                                    o)-                                                                            benzoate                                        231    4-fluorophenol 24       4-fluorophenyl 4-(5,5-dimethylhexylamino)-                                     benzoate                                        232    3-hydroxypyridine                                                                             22       3-pyridyl 4-(2,4,6,8-tetramethylnonylamino)                                    -                                                                              benzoate                                        233    3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-                                                                          22       6-methoxy-3-pyridyl 4-(2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-            pyridine                nonylamino)benzoate                             234    2-bromophenol  24       2-bromophenyl 4-(2,4,6,8-tetramethylnonyl-                                     amino)benzoate                                  235    2-ethylphenol  24       2-ethylphenyl 4-(2,4,6,8-tetramethylnonyl-                                     amino)benzoate                                  236    4-chlorophenol 24       4-chlorophenyl 4-(2,4,6,8-tetramethylnonyl-                                    amino)benzoate                                  237    2,6-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-                                                                       22       2,6-dimethyl-3-pyridyl 4-(1,4-dimethyl-1-et                                    hyl-                                                   pyridine                hexylamino)benzoate                             238    2-carboxy-3-hydroxy-                                                                          22       2-carboxy-3-pyridyl 4-(1,4-dimethyl-1-ethyl                                    -                                                      pyridine                hexylamino)benzoate                             239    2,4-difluorophenol                                                                            24       2,4-difluorophenyl 4-(1,4-dimethyl-1-ethyl-                                    hexylamino)benzoate                             240    4-(t-butoxycarbonyl)-phenol                                                                   24       4-(t-butoxycarbonyl)phenyl                                                     4-(1,4-dimethyl-1-                                                             ethylhexylamino)benzoate                        241    3-hydroxy-6-chloropyridine                                                                    24       6-chloro-3-pyridyl 4-(14-methylpentadecyl-                                     amino)benzoate                                  242    3-hydroxy-5-carboxypyri-                                                                      22       5-carboxy-3-pyridyl 4-(14-methylpentadecyl-                                    J                                                      dine                    amino)benzoate                                  243    2-methoxycarbonylphenyl                                                                       22       2-methoxycarbonylphenyl 4-(14-methylpentade                                    cyl-                                                                           amino)benzoate                                  244    2-bromophenol  24       2-bromophenyl 4-(14-methylpentadecylamino)-                                    n                                                                              benzoate                                        245    Phenol         24       Phenyl 4-(14-methylpentadecylamino)benzoate                                    0                                               246    3-hydroxy-4-methylphenol                                                                      22       4-methyl-3-pyridyl 4-(15,15-dimethylhexadec                                    yl-                                                                            amino)benzoate                                  247    3-hydroxy-6-carboxy-                                                                          22       6-carboxy-3-pyridyl 4-(15,15-dimethylhexade                                    cyl-                                                   pyridine                amino)benzoate                                  248    3-hydroxypyridine                                                                             22       3-pyridyl 4-(15,15-dimethylhexadecylamino)-                                    e                                                                              benzoate                                        249    3,6-dihydroxypyridine                                                                         22       6-hydroxy-3-pyridyl 4-(15,15-dimethylhexade                                    cyl-                                                                           amino)benzoate                                  250    4-cyanophenol  24       4-cyanophenyl 4-(15,15-dimethylhexadecylami                                    no)-                                                                           benzoate                                        251    4-carboxamidophenol                                                                           24       4-carboxamidophenyl 4-(15,15-dimethylhexade                                    cyl-                                                                           amino)benzoate                                  252    2-ethylphenol  24       2-ethylphenyl 4-(15,15-dimethylhexadecylami                                    no)-                                                                           benzoate                                        __________________________________________________________________________

EXAMPLE 253 Preparation of 50 mg. Tablets

    ______________________________________                                                                     Per                                                Per Tablet                  10,000 Tablets                                     ______________________________________                                         0.050 gm.                                                                              O-[4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl]-                                                                     500 gm.                                                    glycolic acid                                                          0.080 gm.                                                                              Lactose             800 gm.                                            0.010 gm.                                                                              Corn Starch (for mix)                                                                              100 gm.                                            0.008 gm.                                                                              Corn Starch (for paste)                                                                             75 gm.                                            0.148 gm.                   1475 gm.                                           0.002 gm.                                                                              Magnesium Stearate (1%)                                                                             15 gm.                                            0.150 gm.                   1490 gm.                                           ______________________________________                                    

The O-[4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl]glycolic acid, lactose and corn starch (for mix) are blended together. The corn starch (for paste) is suspended in 600 ml. of water and heated with stirring to form a paste. This paste is then used to granulate the mixed powders. Additional water is used if necessary. The wet granules are passed through a No. 8 hand screen and dried at 120° F. The dry granules are then passed through a No. 16 screen. The mixture is lubricated with 1% magnesium stearate and compressed into tablets in a suitable tableting machine.

EXAMPLE 254 Preparation of Oral Suspension

    ______________________________________                                         Ingredient                Amount                                               ______________________________________                                         O.sup.3 -[4-(tetradecylamino)benzoyl]glyceric acid                                                       500 mg.                                              Sorbitol solution (70% N.F.)                                                                              40 ml.                                              Sodium benzoate           150 mg.                                              Saccharin                  10 mg.                                              Red dye                    10 mg.                                              Cherry flavor              50 mg.                                              Distilled water qs ad     100 ml.                                              ______________________________________                                    

The sorbitol solution is added to 40 ml. of distilled water and the O³ -[4-(tetradecylamino)benzoyl]glyceric acid is suspended therein. The saccharin, sodium benzoate, flavor and dye are added and dissolved. The volume is adjusted to 100 ml. with distilled water. Each ml. of syrup contains 5 mg. of O³ -[4-(tetradecylamino)benzoyl]glyceric acid.

EXAMPLE 255 Preparation of Ethyl α-ethoxy-α[4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyloxy]acetate

Into a mixture of 10 ml. of 1,2-dimethoxyethane and 5.8 ml. of ethanol is passed 3.65 g. hydrogen chloride gas with cooling. Then 10.2 g. of ethyl glyoxylate is added and after 24 hours at 25° C., 200 ml. of water and ice is added. The mixture is then extracted several times with ether and the extracts dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After evaporation of the extracts to an oil, the ethyl α-chloro-α-ethoxyacetate so formed is added to a stirred mixture of 35.0 g. of sodium 4-(hexadecylamini)benzoate in 125 ml. of hexamethylphosphoramide. After 24 hours at 20° C., the product is obtained as white crystals by careful addition of water.

EXAMPLE 256 Preparation of 1-Ethoxyethyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate

A mixture of 22.0 g. of ethyl 1-chloroethyl ether, 77.0 g. of sodium 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate and 250 ml. of hexamethylphosphoramide is stirred at 20° C. for 24 hours. After slow addition of water to the crystallization point and standing for 3 hours, the acetal ester is collected on a filter.

EXAMPLE 257 Preparation of Potassium sulfomethyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate

To 39.3 g. of potassium 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate in 125 ml. of hexamethylphosphoramide is added 26.0 g. of powdered potassium iodomethanesulfonate. After stirring for 24 hours at 25° C., the product is obtained by careful dilution with water or alcohol to the crystallization point.

When this reaction is carried out with potassium 2-iodoethanesulfonate, the potassium sulfoethyl ester is obtained.

EXAMPLE 258 Preparation of 2-[4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyloxy]-5-methyltetrahydrofuran

In 50 ml. of 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 9.4 g. of N-trifluoroacetyl-4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl chloride, 2.2 g. of triethylamine and 2.2 g. of 2-hydroxy-5-methyltetrahydrofuran are heated together at 60° C. for 24 hours. After addition at 30° C. of a small amount of aqueous potassium carbonate and standing for 4 hours, the white crystalline product is isolated by addition of water, filtration and recrystallization from acetonitrile.

EXAMPLE 259 Preparation of 1-[4-(Hexadecylamino)benzoyl)imidazole

A solution of 10 g. of 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoic acid, 10 ml. of pyridine and 4.0 g. of t-butylazidoformate in 100 ml. of dioxane is stirred for 18 hours at 20° C. Then 5.4 g. of 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole is added and stirring continued for 20 hours. The solvents are evaporated to a thick oil which is dissolved in 100 ml. of hot chloroform, to which is added 5 ml. of trifluoroacetic acid. After 30 minutes at 55° C., the cooled solution is neutralized with diisopropylethylamine. The white product is crystallized from acetonitrile.

EXAMPLE 260 Preparation of α-ethoxy-α[4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyloxy]acetic acid

A solution of 4.1 g. of 1-[4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl]imidazole and 1.2 g. of α-ethoxyglycolic acid in 30 ml. of 1,2-dimethoxyethane is heated at 40° C. for 5 hours. The corresponding acetal ester is isolated by dilution with cold water to the crystallization point.

EXAMPLE 261 Preparation of Sodium sulfoethyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate

A mixture of 4.1 g. of 1-[4-(hexadecylamino)benzoyl]imidazole and 1.5 g. of sodium 2-hydroxyethanesulfonate in 15 ml. of hexamethylphosphoramide is heated at 60° C. for 8 hours. The white crystalline product is obtained by adding ethanol till crystallization starts.

When 1.3 g. of sodium hydroxymethanesulfonate is employed in the above procedure, the sodium sulfomethyl ester is obtained. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound of the formula: ##STR4## wherein R₁ is an unbranched or branched alkyl group of the formula C_(n) H_(2n+1) where n is an integer from 8 to 19, inclusive; R₂ is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, carboxyalkyl, acetyl, succinyl, 1-(sodiumsulfo)loweralkyl, 1-(sodiumsulfo)polyhydroxyalkyl, and 1,3-bis(sodiumsulfo)aralkyl; and R₃ is selected from the group consisting of unsubstituted or substituted aryl selected from the group consisting of phenyl, 3-bromophenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 2,6-dichlorophenyl, 2,4-difluorophenyl, 3-carbomethoxyphenyl, 4-carboxyphenyl, and 4-carboxamidophenyl, and substituted unbranched or branched (loweralkyl, loweralkenyl, cycloalkyl, or hydroxyloweralkyl) groups consisting of 1-6 carbon atoms and bearing 1-3 substituents selected from the group consisting of carboxy, carboalkoxy, carboxamido, N,N-dialkylcarboxamido, and 2-dimethylaminoethoxycarbonyl; and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid-addition and cationic salts thereof.
 2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R₁ is an unbranched or branched alkyl group of the formula C_(n) H_(2n+1) where n is an integer from 8 to 19, inclusive; R₂ is hydrogen; and R₃ is an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl group.
 3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein R₁ is an unbranched or branched alkyl group of the formula C_(n) H_(2n+1) where n is an integer from 8 to 19, inclusive; R₂ is hydrogen; and R₃ is a substituted unbranched or branched (loweralkyl, loweralkenyl, or hydroxyloweralkyl) group consisting of 1-6 carbon atoms and bearing 1-3 substituents selected from the group consisting of carboxy, carboalkoxy, carboxamido, N,N-dialkylcarboxamido, and 2-dimethylaminoethoxycarbonyl; and the pharmaceutically acceptable acid-addition or cationic salts thereof.
 4. The compound according to claim 1, carboxymethyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate.
 5. The compound according to claim 1, carboethoxymethyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate.
 6. The compound according to claim 1, 3-carboxy-2-hydroxypropyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate.
 7. The compound according to claim 1, phenyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate.
 8. The compound according to claim 1, p-chlorophenyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate.
 9. The compound according to claim 1, p-carboxyphenyl 4-(hexadecylamino)benzoate.
 10. The method of treating hyperlipidemia and hyperlipoproteinemia and/or altering the lipoprotein pattern in a mammal comprising administering to said mammal an effective lipid-altering amount of a compound in accordance with claim
 1. 